This battle never ends well..
Jun. 17th, 2011 06:29 am![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png)
Officials in India keep reviving the dead debate on floods – to the detriment of local communities and the national exchequer.
While inaugurating a seminar on floods in 1937, Bihar Governor Maurice Hallett said that, looking back over engineering records from the previous six decades of the floods that had taken place, ‘22 percent are sub-normal, 55 percent are normal, 22 percent are abnormal and only two percent are extremely abnormal. In other words, the dwellers in India can expect to be flooded rather badly once every five years, on the average, and to have a really dreadful flood once every fifty years or so.’ Those were the good old days, when rainwater did not have many obstructions to its free flow. Today, to the contrary, Bihar has nearly 3600 km of embankments, and its area considered flood-prone has nearly tripled from 250,000 hectares in 1952 to more than 688,000 hectares (in 1994). Add to this the 368,000 ha of so-called ‘flood-protected land’ that was flooded in the 2008 breach of the Kosi River, the flood-prone area in the state actually comes to some 724,800 ha.
In 1953, a multipurpose scheme was sanctioned to embank the Kosi river, ostensibly to protect 214,000 ha of land from flooding and irrigating 712,000 ha of agricultural land in India, with benefits to Nepal. This brought the debate of floods and embankments to an end, because the Kosi was the most vibrant river of Bihar, notorious for changing its course. This is similar to all other major rivers in north Bihar, due to their heavy sediment load coming down from the Himalaya – and, thus, a huge mass of loose soil forming a major portion of their catchment. It is specifically because of this sediment that over time the Kosi had shifted from Purnia to Darbhanga, the Bagmati has shifted from Kamtaul in Darbhanga to Sheohar, and the Mahananda had been swinging between Malda in West Bengal to Katihar in Bihar. The Kamala has also come from west of Jaynagar in Madhubani to east of it, and the Bhutahi Balan justifies its name (bhutahi means ‘ghost’), because no one knows when and where the river will strike.MORE